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Baking powder submarine
A baking powder submarine is a plastic toy submarine that dives and surfaces with the addition of baking powder. Baking powder submarines are sometimes misidentified as baking soda submarines, however baking soda alone does not react when placed in water.
In 1953 Benjamin and Harry Hirsch, two brothers in a cosmetics company discovered that the gas bubbles from baking powder could make a toy submarine dive up and down in fresh water. They sold their idea to the Kellogg's breakfast cereal company in 1954.〔p.34 Sobey, Ed and Sobey, Woody ''The Way Toys Work: The Science Behind the Magic 8 Ball, Etch a Sketch, Boomerang and More'' Chicago Review Press〕 Buoyed by the popularity of the first American atomic submarine USS Nautilus commissioned in that year, the 25 cent and one cereal boxtop, four and one half inch plastic ship model prize had one million produced by May. A two and one half inch version was also produced to be used as a cereal box prize.〔http://www.torgo.org/bpsubs/index.shtml〕
The same principle was later used for toy frogmen using baking powder in a container on the figure. However some cereal prizes were cartesian divers which did not require baking powder.
==In popular culture==
In the original novel and film ''Billy Liar'', the title character's parents say they declared their love for him by buying him a box of corn flakes with a submarine inside.〔http://www.subzin.com/quotes/Billy+Liar/What+ifl+do%3F+-+And+why%3F+Because+there's+a+submarine+in+the+package〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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